1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) The Tropic of Cancer does not pass through
(a) Rajasthan (c) Chhattisgarh
(b) Orissa (d) Tripura
(ii) The easternmost longitude of India is
(a) 97° 25' E (c) 77° 6' E
(b) 68° 7' E (d) 82° 32' E
(iii) Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Sikkim have common frontiers with
(a) China (c) Nepal
(b) Bhutan (d) Myanmar
(iv) If you intend to visit Kavarati during your summer vacations, which one of the following Union Territories of India you will be going to
(a) Pondicherry (c) Andaman and Nicobar
(b) Lakshadweep (d) Diu and Daman
(v) My friend hails from a country which does not share land boundary with India. Identify the country.
(a) Bhutan (c) Bangladesh
(b) Tajikistan (d) Nepal
| 1 (i) | (C) Orissa |
| 1 (iI) | (a) 97° 25' E |
| 1 (iii) | (c) Nepal |
| 1 (iv) | (c) Lakshadweep |
| 1 (v) | (c) Tajikistan |
2 Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) Name the group of islands lying in the Arabian sea.
(ii) Name the countries which are larger than India.
(iii) Which island group of India lies to its south-east?
(iv) Which island countries are our southern neighbours?
| 2 (i) | Lakshadweep lies in the Arabian Sea |
| 2 (ii) |
There are 6 Countries which are larger than India. The countries are as follows: Russia , Canada , USA , China , Brazil , Australia |
| 2 (iii) | Anandaman and Nicobar islands |
| 2 (iv) | Sri Lanka and Maldives |
3 The sun rises two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the west but the watches show the same time. How does this happen?
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The Earth takes 4 minutes to ratate through 10 of Longitute. The time taken to rotate 150 of longitutde difference is 1 hour. India has a longitudinal extent of 300 . And hence , there is a differnce between the sun rises of two hours in Eastern parts of Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the west because of this longitudinal extent of 300 . But the watches are set at for all parts of India as per the indian standard time measured at 82 1/20 Longitude. Hence the watches show the same time both at Arunchalam Pradesh and Gujarat.
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4 The central location of India at the head of the Indian Ocean is considered of great significance. Why?
| The trans Indian Ocean routes which connect the countries of Europe in the West and the countries of East Asia provide a strategic central location to India. The Deccan Peninsula protrudes into the Indian Ocean, thus helping India to close connect with West Asia, Africa and Europe from the western coast and with Southeast and East Asia from the eastern coast. It makes Indian Ocean encloses India from three directions East , West and South.No other country has a long coastline on the Indian Ocean as India has. And hence , India’s eminent position in the Indian Ocean justifies the naming of Indian Ocean after India. |
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as
(a) Coast (c) Peninsula
(b) Island (d) none of the above
(ii) Mountain ranges in the eastern part of India forming its boundary with
Myanmar are collectively called as
(a) Himachal (c) Purvanchal
(b) Uttaranchal (d) none of the above
(iii) The western coastal strip, south of Goa is referred to as
(a) Coromandal (c) Kannad
(b) Konkan (d) Northern Circar
(iv) The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is
(a) Anai Mudi (c) Mahendragiri
(b) Kanchenjunga (d) Khasi
| 1 (i) | (c) Peninsula |
| 1 (ii) | (c) Purvanchal |
| 1 (iii) | (c) Kannad |
| 1(iv) | (c) Mahadergiri |
2 Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) What are tectonic plates?
(ii) Which continents of today were part of the Gondwana land?
(iii) What is the bhabar?
(iv) Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south.
(v) Which plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges?
(vi) Name the island group of India having coral origin.
| 2 (i) | Earth scientists have attempted to explain the formation of physical features with the help of Plate tectonics theroy based on certain evidences.According to Plate Tectonics theory, the crust (upper part) of the earth has been formed out of seven major and some minor plates.The movement of the plates results in the building up of stresses within the plates and the continental rocks above, leading to folding, faulting and volcanic activity. |
| 2 (ii) | The Gondwanaland included India, Australia, South Africa and South America as one single land mass. It was located in the southern Hemisphere. |
| 2 (iii) | At the Northern plains ,the rivers, after descending from the mountains deposit pebbles in a narrow belt of about 8 to 16 km in width lying parallel to the slopes of the Shiwaliks. It is known as bhabar. All the streams disappear in this bhabar belt. |
| 2 (iv) |
The three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south are as follow a) the Great or Inner Himalayas or the ‘Himadri’. b) Himachal or lesser Himalaya. c) Shiwaliks |
| 2 ( v) | Central Highlands |
| 2 (vi) | Lakshadweep Islands |
3. Distinguish between
(i) Converging and diverging tectonic plates
(ii) Bhangar and Khadar
(iii) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats
| 3 (i) |
Converging tectonic plates The plates that come towards each other and form convergent boundary are known as Converging tectonic plates |
Diverging tectonic plates The plates that move away from each other and form divergent boundary are known as Diverging tectonic plates |
| 3 (ii) |
Bhangar a) The largest part of the northern plain is formed of older alluvium. This part is known as bhangar. b) They lie above the flood plains of the rivers and present a terrace like feature. |
Khandar The soil in northern plains contain calcareous deposites locally known as kankar. The newer,younger deposits of the flood plains are called khadar. They are renewed almost every yearand so are fertile, thus, ideal for intensiveagriculture. |
| 3 (iii) |
Western Ghats a) Western ghats lie parallel to the western coast. They are continuous chain from Gulf of Cambay to Kanyakumari. b) The Western Ghats are higher than the Eastern Ghats. Their average elevation is 900–1600 metres
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Eastern Ghats a) The Eastern Ghats stretch from the Mahanadi Valley to the Nigiris in the south.The Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and irregular and dissected by rivers draining into b) The average Height of Eastern Ghats is 600 metres |
4. Describe how the Himalayas were formed.
The Gondwanaland included India, Australia, South Africa and South America as one single land mass. The convectional
currents split the crust into a number of pieces, thus leading to the drifting of the Indo-Australian plate after being separated from the Gondwana land, towards north. The northward drift resulted in the collision of the plate with the much larger Eurasian Plate. Due to this collision, the sedimentary rocks which were accumulated in the geosyncline known as the Tethys were folded
to form the mountain system of western Asia and Himalayas
5. Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the Peninsular plateau.
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The physical features of India can be grouped under the following physiographic divisions (i) The Himalayan Mountains |
6. Give an account of the Northern Plains of India.
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The northern plain has been formed by the interplay of the three major river systems, namely– the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries. This plain is formed of alluvial soil. The deposition of alluvium in a vast basin lying at the foothills of the Himalaya over millions of years, formed this fertile plain. It spreads over an area of 7 lakh sq. km. The plain being about 2400 Km long and 240 to 320 Km broad, is a densely populated physiographic division. With a rich soil cover combined with adequate water supply and favourable climate it is agriculturally a very productive part of India. The Northern Plain is broadly divided into three sections. Punjab Plains - The Western part of the Northern Plain is referred to as the Punjab Plains.Formed by the Indus and its tributaries, the larger part of this plain lies in Pakistan. The Indus and its tributaries–the Jhelum, the Ganga Plains - The Ganga plain extends between Ghaggar and Teesta rivers. It is spread over the states of North India, Haryana, Delhi, U.P., Bihar, partlyJharkhand and West Bengal to its East. Brahmaputra plain - The Brahmaputra Plain lies in the eastern and is often kown as Assam Valley.
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7. Write short notes on the following.
(i) The Indian Desert
(ii) The Central Highlands
(iii) The Island groups of India
| 7 (i) | The Indian desest lies towards the western margins of the Aravali Hills. It is a sandy plain covered with sand dunes. Therainfall is below 150 mm per year. It has arid climate with low vegetatin cover. Streams appear during the rainy season. Luni is the only large river in this region. |
| 7 (ii) |
The part of the Peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river covering a major area of the Malwa plateau is known as the Central Highlands.The Central Highlands are wider in the west but narrower in the east. The Western part consists of Vindhayas , Aravallis and Malwa Plateau |
| 7 (iii) |
Indai has two groups pf Island. a) Lakshadweep Islands group - It is lying close to the Malabar coast of Kerala. This group of islands is composed of small coral isalnds. It covers small area of 32 sq km. Kavaratti island is the administrative headquarters of Lakshadweep. This island group has great diversity of flora and fauna. b)Andaman and Nicobar islands - The elongated chain of islands located in the Bay of Bengal extending from north to south are Andaman and Nicobar islands. They are bigger in size and are more numerous and scattered. The entire group of islands is divided into two broad categories – The Andaman in the north and the Nicobar in the south. |
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Which one of the following describes the drainage patterns resembling the
branches of a tree?
(a) Radial (c) Centrifugal
(b) Dendritic (d) Trellis
(ii) In which of the following states is the Wular lake located?
(a) Rajasthan (c) Punjab
(b) Uttar Pradesh (d) Jammu and Kashmir
(iii) The river Narmada has its source at
(a) Satpura (c) Amarkantak
(b) Brahmagiri (d) Slopes of the Western ghats
(iv) Which one of the following lakes is a salt water lake?
(a) Sambhar (c) Wular
(b) Dal (d) Gobind Sagar
(v) Which one of the following is the longest river of the Peninsular India?
(a) Narmada (c) Godavari
(b) Krishma (d) Mahanadi
(vi) Which one amongst the following rivers flows through a rift valley?
(a) Damodar (c) Krishna
(b) Tungabhadra (d) Tapi
| 1 (i) | (b) Dendritic |
| 1 (ii) | (d) Jammu and Kashmir |
| 1 (iii) | (a) Amarkantak |
| 1 (iv) | (a) Sambhar |
| 1(v) | (c) Godavari |
| 1 (vi) | (d) Tapi |
2. Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) What is meant by a water divide? Give an example.
(ii) Which is the largest river basin in India?
(iii) Where do the rivers Indus and Ganga have their origin?
(iv) Name the two headstreams of the Ganga. Where do they meet to form the Ganga?
(v) Why does the Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part have less silt, despite a longer course?
(vi) Which two Peninsular rivers flow through trough?
(vii) State some economic benefits of rivers and lakes.
| 2 (i) |
Any elevated area, such as a mountain or an upland,separates two drainage basins. Such an upland Ambala is located on the water divide between th Indus and the Ganga river systems. |
| 2(ii) | Ganga- Brahmaputra |
| 2(iii) | The river Indus rises in Tibet, near Lake Mansarowar.The headwaters of the Ganga originates at Gangotri Glacier. |
| 2 (iv) | The headwaters of the Ganga is fed by the Gangotri Glacier and joined by the Alaknanda at Devaprayag in Uttaranchal. Here the river gets it name 'Ganga' |
| 2 (v) | In Tibet the river carries a smaller volume of water and less silt as Tibet is a cold and a dry area. |
| 2 (Vi) | Narmada and Tapi |
| 2 (vii) |
Roles and Economic Benefits of River and Lake are as follows :
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3. Below are given names of a few lakes of India. Group them under two categories – natural and created by human beings.
(a) Wular (b) Dal
(c) Nainital (d) Bhimtal
(e) Gobind Sagar (f) Loktak
(g) Barapani (h) Chilika
(i) Sambhar (j) Rana Pratap Sagar
(k) Nizam Sagar (l) Pulicat
(m) Nagarjuna Sagar (n) Hirakund
Natural Lakes
(a) Wular , (b) Dal , (c) Nainital , (d) Bhimtal , (f) Loktak , (g) Barapani , (h) Chilika , (i) Sambhar , (k) Nizam Sagar , (l) Pulicat
(m) Nagarjuna Sagar
Man-made Lakes
(e) Gobind Sagar , (j) Rana Pratap Sagar , (n) Hirakund
4. Discuss the significant difference between the Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers.
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Himalayan Rivers
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Peninsular Rivers
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5. Compare the east flowing and the west flowing rivers of the Peninsular plateau.
| The east flowing rivers |
The west flowing rivers |
| Mahanadi , Godavari , Krishna Cauvery ae east flowing rivers | Narmada and Tapi are west flowing rives |
| These rivers form deltas on the east coast | Deltas are not formed by these rivers |
| They flow into Bay of Bangal | These rivers fall into Arabian Sea. |
Summarize the rules for writing of distribution of electrons in various shells for the first eighteen elements.
Define valency by taking examples of silicon and oxygen.
1. Choose the correct answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Which one of the following places receives the highest rainfall in the world?
(a) Silchar (c) Cherrapunji
(b) Mawsynram (d) Guwahati
(ii) The wind blowing in the northern plains in summers is known as:
(a) Kaal Baisakhi (c) Trade Winds
(b) Loo (d) None of the above
(iii) Which one of the following causes rainfall during winters in north-western
part of India.
(a) Cyclonic depression (c) Western disturbances
(b) Retreating monsoon (d) Southwest monsoon
(iv) Monsoon arrives in India approximately in:
(a) Early May (c) Early June
(b) Early July (d) Early August
(v) Which one of the following characterises the cold weather season in India?
(a) Warm days and warm nights
(b) Warm days and cold nights
(c) Cool days and cold nights
(d) Cold days and warm nights
| 1 (i) | (b) Mawsynram |
| 1 (ii) | (b) Loo |
| 1 (ii) | (c) Western disturbances |
| 1 (iv) | (c) Early June |
| 1 (v) | (c) Cool days and cold nights |
2. Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) What are the controls affecting the climate of India?
(ii) Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?
(iii) Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why?
(iv) Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar coast?
(v) What are Jet streams and how do they affect the climate of India?
(vi) Define monsoons. What do you understand by “break” in monsoon?
(vii) Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?
| 2 (i) |
the controls affecting the climate of India are as follows ; (a) Latitudes - Due to Extend of the Country , India’s climate has characteristics of tropical as well as subtropical climates (b) Altitudes - India has mountains to the north and India also has a vast coastal area. Thus Altitude plays an important role in controlling the Climate. (c) Pressure and Winds - The climate and associated weather conditions in India are governed by the following atmospheric conditions: |
| 2 (ii) | The climate of India is described as the ‘monsoon’ type.‘Monsoon’ refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year.The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country from the Rann of Kuchchh in the west to Mizoram in the east. Almost half of the country, lying south of the Tropic of Cancer, belongs to the tropical area. All the remaining area, north of the Tropic, lies in the sub-tropics. Therefore, India’s climate has characteristics of tropical as well as subtropical climates. And Hence , India has temperatures throughout the year and most of the rain occurs in summer. |
| 2 (iii) | The highest diurnal range of temperature is in the Thar desert Region. In the Thar Desert the day temperature may rise to 50°C, and drop down to near 15°C the same night. |
| 2 (iv) | Malabar region lies on the west Coast.South West Mansoon winds reaches Malabar Coast which results in heavy rainfall.This is known as the ‘burst’ of the monsoon |
| 2 (v) |
Jet Streams are a narrow belt of high altitude (above 12,000 m) westerly winds in the troposphere. Their speed varies from about 110 km/h in summer to about 184 km/h in winter. Over India, western jet streams blow south of the Himalayas, all through the year except in summer.The western cyclonic disturbances experienced in the north and north-western parts of the country are brought in by this westerly flow. Also an easterly jet stream, called the tropical easterly jet stream |
| 2 (vi) |
The word monsoon is derived from the Arabic word ‘mausim’ which literally means season. ‘Monsoon’ refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year. The 'Break' in Mansoon means the monsoon rains take place only for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals.Thus, it has wet and dry spells. These breaks in monsoon are related to the movement of the monsoon trough. |
| 2 (vii) | The Indian landscape, its animal and plant life, its entire agricultural calendar and the life of the people, including their festivities, revolve around Mansoon phenomenon. Year after year, people of India from north to south and from east to west, eagerly await the arrival of the monsoon. These monsoon winds bind the whole country by providing water to set the agricultural activities in motion. The river valleys which carry this water also unite as a single river valley unit. And hence ,the monsoon is considered a unifying bond. |
3. Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India.
4. Give reasons as to why.
(i) Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place over the Indian subcontinent?
(ii) The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months.
(iii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall.
(iv) The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.
(v) Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone.
5. Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples.
6. Discuss the mechanism of monsoons.
7. Give an account of weather conditions and characteristics of the cold season.
What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus?
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) To which one of the following types of vegetation does rubber belong to?
(a) Tundra (c) Himalayan
(b) Tidal (d) Tropical Evergreen
(ii) Cinchona trees are found in the areas of rainfall more than
(a) 100 cm (c) 70 cm
(b) 50 cm (d) less than 50 cm
(iii) In which of the following state is the Simlipal bio-reserve located?
(a) Punjab (b) Delhi
(c) Orissa (d) West Bengal
(iv) Which one of the following bio-reserves of India is not included in the world network of bioreserve?
(a) Manas (c) Gulf of Mannar
(b) Dihang-Dibang (d) Nanda devi
| 1 (i) | (d) Tropical Evergreen |
| 1 (ii) | |
| 1 (iii) | (c) Orissa |
| 1 (iv) | (b) Dihang-Dibang |
2. Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) Define an ecosystem.
(ii) What factors are responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India?
(iii) What is a bio-reserve? Give two examples.
(iv) Name two animals having habitat in tropical and montane type of vegetation.
3. Distinguish between
(i) Flora and Fauna
(ii) Tropical Evergreen and Deciduous forests
4. Name different types of Vegetation found in India and describe the vegetation oF high altitudes.
5. Quite a few species of plants and animals are endangered in India. Why?
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Migrations change the number, distribution and composition of the population in
(a) the area of departure (c) both the area of departure and arrival
(b) the area of arrival (d) none of the above
(ii) A large proportion of children in a population is a result of
(a) high birth rates (c) high death rates
(b) high life expectancies (d) more married couples
(iii) The magnitude of population growth refers to
(a) the total population of an area
(b) the number of persons added each year
(c) the rate at which the population increases
(d) the number of females per thousand males
(iv) According to the Census 2001, a “literate” person is one who
(a) can read and write his/her name
(b) can read and write any language
(c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding
(d) knows the 3 ‘R’s (reading, writing, arithematic)
| 1 (i) | (c) both the area of departure and arrival |
| 1 (ii) | (a) high birth rates |
| 1 (iii) | (b) the number of persons added each year |
| 1 (iv) | (c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding |
2. Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) Why is the rate of population growth in India declining since 1981?
(ii) Discuss the major components of population growth.
(iii) Define age structure, death rate and birth rate.
(iv) How is migration a determinant factor of population change?
3. Distinguish between population growth and population change.
4. What is the relation between occupational structure and development?
5. What are the advantages of having a healthy population?