CBSE Syllabus - Class 9th
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CBSE Syllabus Class 9 - English (Communicative )
CBSE Syllabus of English Communicative for Class 9th For March 2009 Examination
SYLLABUS AND EXAMINATION SPECIFICATIONS
English (Communicative)
(Code No. 101)
CLASS-IX
One Paper 3 Hours 100 Marks
SECTION A : READING 20 Marks 40 Periods
Two unseen passages with a variety of comprehension questions including 04 marks for word-attack skills such as word formation and inferring meaning.
1 250-350 words in length – 08 marks
2 400-450 words in length – 12 marks
The total length of the two passages will be between 650 and 800 words.
Question No.1 First passage will have a factual passage (e.g., instruction, description, report etc.) or a literary passage (e.g., extract from fiction, drama, poetry, essay or biography).
Question No. 2 Second passage will have a factual passage or a discursive passage involving opinion, (argumentative, persuasive or interpretative text).
Only 2 will have questions on word-attack skills for 04 marks.
SECTION B : WRITING 30 Marks 63 Periods
Four writing tasks as indicated below:
Question No.3 and 4 will be Short composition of not more than 50 words each - e.g., notice, message, telegram or short postcard. Each composition will carry 5 marks
Important note on format and word limit :
Notice : Word limit : 50 words for body of the notice. Notice must be placed in a box. If the candidate exceeds the word limit by more than 5 words ½ mark will be deducted.
Message: Word limit : 50 words for body of the message. Message must be placed in a box. If the candidate exceeds the word limit by more than 5 words ½ mark will be deducted.
Postcard: Word limit : 50 words for body of the letter. Format of postcard has to be printed in the question paper for candidates to copy while writing the answer. 1 mark will be deducted if the student fails to copy the proper layout. If the candidate exceeds the word limit by more than 5 words ½ mark will be deducted.
Telegram: Word limit : 25 words inclusive of receiver's name and address, sender's name and the word STOP/. However Sender's address, which is not to be telegraphed, will not be counted for deciding word limit. Format of telegraph form has to be printed in the question paper for candidates to copy while writing the answer. 1 mark will be deducted if the student fails to copy the proper layout. If the candidate exceeds the word limit by one or two words ½ mark will be deducted. If he/she exceeds the word limit by three or more words 1 mark will be deducted.
Question No. 5 will be a Composition based on a verbal stimulus such as an advertisement, notice, newspaper cutting, table, diary extract, notes, letter or other forms of correspondence.
Word limit : 200 words (For letter : 150 words only for body of the letter) 10 marks.
Question No. 6 will be a Composition based on a visual stimulus such as a diagram, picture, graph, map, cartoon or flow chart.
Word limit : 150-200 words 10 marks.
One of the longer (10 marks) compositions will draw on the thematic content of the Main Course book.
Note : for question No. 5 and 6 : If the candidate exceeds the word limit by 15 words or more 1 mark will be deducted. Word limit applies only to the body of the letter (150 words) / article (200 words)/speech (150 words) /report (excluding the format—200 words) etc.
SECTION C : GRAMMAR 20 Marks 42 Periods
Question No. 7-11 A variety of short questions involving the use of particular structures within a context (i.e., not in isolated sentences). Test types used will include gap-filling, cloze (gap filling exercise with blanks at regular intervals), sentence completion, reordering word groups in sentences, editing, dialogue completion and sentence transformation.
The grammar syllabus will be sampled each year, with marks allotted for :Verb forms, sentence structures and Other areas.
Note : Jumbled words in reordering exercise to test syntax will involve sentences in a context. Each sentence will be split into sense groups (not necessarily into single words) and jumbled up.
SECTION D : LITERATURE 30 Marks 65 Periods
Question N. 12 and 13 : Two extracts from different poems from the prescribed reader, each followed by two or three questions to test local and global comprehension of the set text. Each extract will carry 4 marks.
Word limit : one or two lines for each answer.
Question No. 14 will be one question (with or without an extract) testing global or local comprehension of a poem or a play from the prescribed reader.
Word limit : 75-100 words 05 marks
Question No. 15 will carry up to three questions based on one of the drama texts from the prescribed reader to test local and global comprehension of the set text. An extract may or may not be used.
Word limit : one or two lines for each question if an extract is given. If an extract is not given, the word limit will be roughly 75 words. Total 05 marks
Question No. 16 will be one question based on one of the prose texts from the prescribed reader to test global comprehension and extrapolation beyond the set text.
Word limit : 50-75 words 04 marks.
Question No. 17 will be one extended question based on one of the prose texts from the prescribed reader to test global comprehension and extrapolation beyond the set text.
Word limit : 150-175 words 08 marks.
Questions will test comprehension at different levels : literal, inferential and evaluative.
CBSE Syllabus Class 9 - English (LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE)
CBSE Syllabus of English Language And Literature for Class 9th For March 2009 Examination
ENGLISH - LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
(Code No. 184)
Syllabus and Examination Specifications
CLASS IX
One Paper Time: 3 Hours Marks : 100
SECTION A : READING 20 Marks 30 Periods
Question No. 1 & 2 will be two unseen passages of total 500 words with a variety of questions including 4 marks for vocabulary.Only prose passages will be used. One will be factual and the other will be literary.
Passage 1 - 200 words (8 marks) - Four or five comprehension questions
Passage 2 - 300 words (12 marks) - Four or five comprehension questions and two questions on vocabulary. Marks for vocabulary will not exceed 4 marks.
SECTION B : WRITING 20 Marks 40 Periods
Question No. 3 Letter Writing - One letter in not more than 80 words based on provided verbal stimulus and context. Types of letter : Informal; Personal such as to family and friends. Formal : Letters of complaint, enquiry, request & application 8 Marks
Question No. 4 Writing a short paragraph on a given outline/topic in about 60 words 4 Marks
Question No. 5 Writing a short writing task based on a verbal and / or visual stimulus. (diagram, picture, graph, map, chart, flow chart etc.) Maximum words 80 and 8 marks.
SECTION C : GRAMMAR 15 Marks 45 Periods
Questin No. 6-11 A variety of short questions involving the use of particular structures within a context. Text types used will include gap-filling, sentence-completion, sentence-reordering, dialogue-completion and sentence-transformation (including combining sentences). The Grammar syllabus will include the following areas in class IX :
1. Tenses (present with extension)
2. Modals (have to / had to, must, should, need, ought to and their negative forms)
3. Use of passive voice
4. Subject-verb concord
5. Reporting
(i) Commands and requests
(ii) Statements
(iii) Questions
6. Clauses :
(i) Noun-clauses
(ii) Adverb Clauses of condition and time
(iii) Relative Clauses
7. Determiners, and
8. Prepositions
Note : No separate marks allotted for any of grammatical items listed above.
SECTION D : TEXT BOOKS 45 Marks 95 Periods
New NCERT Textbook for Class IX Prose 20 Marks
Question No. 12 & 13 Two extracts from different prose lessons included in Textbook (Approximately 100 words each). These extracts chosen from different lessons will be literary and discursive in nature. Each extract will be of 5 marks. One mark in each extract will be for vocabulary. 4 marks in each passage will be used for testing local and global comprehension besides a question on interpretation.
Question No. 14. One out of two questions extrapolative in nature based on any one of the prose lessons from Textbook to be answered in about 80 words. 6 Marks
Question No. 15. One question on Drama Text (local and global comprehension question) (30-40 words) 4 Marks
Poetry 10 Marks
Question No. 16. One extract from a poem from the prescribed reader followed by two or three questions to test the local and global comprehension of the set text. The extract will carry four marks.
Question No. 17. Two out of three short answer type questions on interpretation of themes and ideas 6 Marks
New NCERT Supplementary Reader for Class IX 15 Marks
Question No. 18. One out of two questions from Supplementary Reader to interpret, evaluate and analyse character, plot or situations occurring in the lessons to be answered in about 100 words 8 Marks
Question No. 19. One out of two short answer type questions of interpretative and evaluative nature based on lessons to be answered in 30-40 words 4 Marks
Question No. 20. One out of two short answer type questions based on factual aspects of the lessons to be answered in 20-30 words 3 Marks
CBSE Syllabus Class 9 - Mathematics
CBSE Syllabus of Mathematics for Class 9th For March 2009 Examination
Course Structure
Class IX | Mathematics
One Paper Time : 3 Hours Marks : 80
UNIT MARKS
I. NUMBER SYSTEMS 06
II. ALGEBRA 20
III. COORDINATE GEOMETRY 06
IV. GEOMETRY 22
V. MENSURATION 14
VI. STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 12
TOTAL: 80
UNIT I : NUMBER SYSTEMS
1. REAL NUMBERS (20) Periods
Review of representation of natural numbers, integers, rational numbers on the number line. Representation of terminating / non-terminating recurring decimals, on the number line through successive magnification. Rational numbers as recurring/terminating decimals.
Examples of nonrecurring / non terminating decimals such as
etc. Existence of non-rational numbers (irrational numbers) such as 
and their representation on the number line. Explaining that every real number is represented by a unique point on the number line and conversely, every point on the number line represents a unique real number.
Existence of 
for a given positive real number x (visual proof to be emphasized).
Definition of nth root of a real number.
Recall of laws of exponents with integral powers. Rational exponents with positive real bases (to be done by particular cases, allowing learner to arrive at the general laws.)
Rationalization (with precise meaning) of real numbers of the type (& their combinations)
where x and y are natural number and a, b are integers.
UNIT II : ALGEBRA
1. POLYNOMIALS (25) Periods
Definition of a polynomial in one variable, its coefficients, with examples and counter examples, its terms, zero polynomial. Degree of a polynomial. Constant, linear, quadratic, cubic polynomials; monomials, binomials, trinomials. Factors and multiples. Zeros/roots of a polynomial / equation. State and motivate the Remainder Theorem with examples and analogy to integers. Statement and proof of the Factor Theorem. Factorization of ax2 + bx + c, a ¹ 0 where a, b, c are real numbers, and of cubic polynomials using the Factor Theorem.
Recall of algebraic expressions and identities. Further identities of the type (x + y + z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx, (x ± y)3 = x3 ± y3 ± 3xy (x ± y).
x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz = (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx) and their use in factorization of polymonials. Simple expressions reducible to these polynomials.
2. LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES ( 12) Periods
Recall of linear equations in one variable. Introduction to the equation in two variables. Prove that a linear equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions and justify their being written as ordered pairs of real numbers, plotting them and showing that they seem to lie on a line. Examples, problems from real life, including problems on Ratio and Proportion and with algebraic and graphical solutions being done simultaneously.
UNIT III : COORDINATE GEOMETRY
1. COORDINATE GEOMETRY (9) Periods
The Cartesian plane, coordinates of a point, names and terms associated with the coordinate plane, notations, plotting points in the plane, graph of linear equations as examples; focus on linear equations of the type ax + by + c = 0 by writing it as y = mx + c and linking with the chapter on linear equations in two variables.
UNIT IV : GEOMETRY
1. INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID'S GEOMETRY (6) Periods
History - Euclid and geometry in India. Euclid's method of formalizing observed phenomenon into rigorous mathematics with definitions, common/obvious notions, axioms/postulates and theorems. The five postulates of Euclid. Equivalent versions of the fifth postulate. Showing the relationship between axiom and theorem.
1. Given two distinct points, there exists one and only one line through them.
2. (Prove) two distinct lines cannot have more than one point in common.
2. LINES AND ANGLES (10) Periods
1. (Motivate) If a ray stands on a line, then the sum of the two adjacent angles so formed is 180o and the converse.
2. (Prove) If two lines intersect, the vertically opposite angles are equal.
3. (Motivate) Results on corresponding angles, alternate angles, interior angles when a transversal intersects two parallel lines.
4. (Motivate) Lines, which are parallel to a given line, are parallel.
5. (Prove) The sum of the angles of a triangle is 180o.
6. (Motivate) If a side of a triangle is produced, the exterior angle so formed is equal to the sum of the two interiors opposite angles.
3. TRIANGLES (20) Periods
1. (Motivate) Two triangles are congruent if any two sides and the included angle of one triangle is equal to any two sides and the included angle of the other triangle (SAS Congruence).
2. (Prove) Two triangles are congruent if any two angles and the included side of one triangle is equal to any two angles and the included side of the other triangle (ASA Congruence).
3. (Motivate) Two triangles are congruent if the three sides of one triangle are equal to three sides of the other triangle (SSS Congruene).
4. (Motivate) Two right triangles are congruent if the hypotenuse and a side of one triangle are equal (respectively) to the hypotenuse and a side of the other triangle.
5. (Prove) The angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal.
6. (Motivate) The sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal.
7. (Motivate) Triangle inequalities and relation between 'angle and facing side' inequalities in triangles.
4. QUADRILATERALS (10) Periods
1. (Prove) The diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles.
2. (Motivate) In a parallelogram opposite sides are equal, and conversely.
3. (Motivate) In a parallelogram opposite angles are equal, and conversely.
4. (Motivate) A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if a pair of its opposite sides is parallel and equal.
5. (Motivate) In a parallelogram, the diagonals bisect each other and conversely.
6. (Motivate) In a triangle, the line segment joining the mid points of any two sides is parallel to the third side and (motivate) its converse.
5. AREA (4) Periods
Review concept of area, recall area of a rectangle.
1. (Prove) Parallelograms on the same base and between the same parallels have the same area.
2. (Motivate) Triangles on the same base and between the same parallels are equal in area and its converse.
6. CIRCLES (15) Periods
Through examples, arrive at definitions of circle related concepts, radius, circumference, diameter, chord, arc, subtended angle.
1. (Prove) Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the center and (motivate) its converse.
2. (Motivate) The perpendicular from the center of a circle to a chord bisects the chord and conversely, the line drawn through the center of a circle to bisect a chord is perpendicular to the chord.
3. (Motivate) There is one and only one circle passing through three given non-collinear points.
4. (Motivate) Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from the center(s) and conversely.
5. (Prove) The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle.
6. (Motivate) Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.
7. (Motivate) If a line segment joining two points subtendes equal angle at two other points lying on the
same side of the line containing the segment, the four points lie on a circle.
8. (Motivate) The sum of the either pair of the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180o and its converse
7. CONSTRUCTIONS (10) Periods
1. Construction of bisectors of line segments & angles, 60o, 90o, 45o angles etc., equilateral triangles.
2. Construction of a triangle given its base, sum/difference of the other two sides and one base angle.
3. Construction of a triangle of given perimeter and base angles.
UNIT V : MENSURATION
1. AREAS (4) Periods
Area of a triangle using Hero's formula (without proof) and its application in finding the area of a quadrilateral.
2. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES (10) Periods
Surface areas and volumes of cubes, cuboids, spheres (including hemispheres) and right circular cylinders/cones.
UNIT VI : STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
1. STATISTICS (13) Periods
Introduction to Statistics : Collection of data, presentation of data -- tabular form, ungrouped / grouped, bar graphs, histograms (with varying base lengths), frequency polygons, qualitative analysis of data to choose the correct form of presentation for the collected data. Mean, median, mode of ungrouped data.
2. PROBABILITY (12) Periods
History, Repeated experiments and observed frequency approach to probability. Focus is on empirical probability. (A large amount of time to be devoted to group and to individual activities to motivate the concept; the experiments to be drawn from real - life situations, and from examples used in the chapter on statistics).
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT.........................20 Marks
Evaluation of activities................................10 Marks
Project Work ................................................05 Marks
Continuous Evaluation..............................05 Marks
CBSE Syllabus Class 9 - Science
CBSE Syllabus of Science And Technology for Class 9th For March 2009 Examination
COURSE STRUCTURE
CLASS IX | SCIENCE (THEORY)
One Paper Time : 2½ hours. Marks : 60
UNIT MARKS
I. Food 05
II. Matter-Its Nature and behaviour 15
III. Organisation in living world 13
IV. Motion, Force and Work 20
V. Our Environment 07
Total: 60
Theme : Food (10 Periods)
Unit 1 : Food
Plant and animal breeding and selection for quality improvement and management ; use of fertilizers, manures; protection from pests and diseases; organic farming.
Theme : Materials (50 Periods)
Unit 2 : Matter - Nature and behaviour
Definition of matter; solid, liquid and gas; characteristics - shape, volume, density; change of state-melting (absorption of heat), freezing, evaporation (Cooling by evaporation), condensation, sublimation.
Nature of matter : Elements, compounds and mixtures. Heterogenous and homogenous mixtures, colloids and suspensions.
Particle nature, basic units : atoms and molecules. Law of constant proportions. Atomic and molecular masses.
Mole Concept : Relationship of mole to mass of the particles and numbers. Valency. Chemical formula of common compounds.
Structure of atom : Electrons, protons and neutrons; Isotopes and isobars.
Theme : The World of the living (45 Periods)
Unit 3 : Organization in the living world.
Biological Diversity : Diversity of plants and animals - basic issues in scientific naming, basis of classification. Hierarchy of categories / groups, Major groups of plants (salient features) (Bacteria, Thalophyta, Bryo phyta, Pteridophyta, gymnosperms and Angiosperms). Major groups of animals (salient features) (Non-chordates upto phyla and chordates upto classes).
Cell - Basic Unit of life : Cell as a basic unit of life; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms; cell membrane and cell wall, cell organelles; chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuoles, ER, golgi apparatus; nucleus, chromosomes - basic structure, number.
Tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.
Structure and functions of animal and plant tissues (four types in animals; merismatic and permanent tissues in plants).
Health and diseases : Health and its failure. Disease and its causes. Diseases caused by microbes and their prevention - Typhoid, diarrhoea, malaria, hepatitis, rabies, AIDS, TB, polio; pulse polio programme.
Transport of materials in the living systems : Diffusion / exchange of substances between cells and their environment and between the cells themselves in the living system; role in nutrition, water and food transport, excretion, gaseous exchange.
Theme : Moving things, people and ideas (60 Periods)
Unit 4 : Motion, Force and Work
Motion : displacement, velocity; uniform and non-uniform motion along a straight line; acceleration, distance - time and velocity-time graphs for uniform and uniformly accelerated motion, equations of motion by graphical method; elementary idea of uniform circular motion.
Force and Newton's laws : Force and motion, Newton's laws of motion, inertia of a body, inertia and mass, momentum, force and acceleration. Elementary idea of conservation of momentum, action and reaction forces.
Gravitation : Gravitation; universal law of gravitation, force of gravitation of the earth (gravity), acceleration due to gravity; mass and weight; free fall.
Work, Energy and Power : Work done by a force, energy, power; kinetic and potential energy; law of conservation of energy.
Floatation : Thrust and pressure. Archimedes' principle, buoyancy, elementary idea of relative density.
Sound : Nature of sound and its propagation in various media, speed of sound, range of hearing in humans; ultrasound; reflection of sound; echo and SONAR.
Structure of the human ear (auditory aspect only).
Theme : Natural Resources (15 Periods)
Unit 5 : Our Environment
Physical resources : Air, Water, Soil.
Air for respiration, for combustion, for moderating temperatures, movements of air and its role in bringing rains across India.
Air, water and soil pollution ( brief introduction). Holes in ozone layer and the probable damages.
Bio-geo chemical cycles in nature : water, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen
PRACTICALS--LIST OF EXPERIMENTS Marks : 40 (20 + 20)
1. To prepare
a) a true solution of common salt, sugar and alum
b) a suspension of soil, chalk powder and fine sand in water
c) a colloidal of starch in water and egg albumin in water and distinguish between these on the basis of
i) transparency
ii) filtration criterion
iii) stability
2. To prepare
a) a mixture
b) a compound
using iron filings and sulphur powder and distinguish between these on the basis of :
i) appearance i.e., homogeneity and heterogeneity
ii) behaviour towards a magnet
iii) behaviour towards carbon disulphide a solvant.
iv) effect of heat.
3. To carry out the following chemical reactions and record observations. Also to identify the type of reaction involved in each case.
i) Iron with copper sulphate solution in water.
ii) Burning of Magnesium in air.
iii) Zinc with dilute sulphuric acid
iv) Heating of Lead Nitrate.
v) Sodium sulphate with Barium chloride in the form of their solutions in water.
4. To verify laws of reflection of sound.
5. To determine the density of solid (denser than water) by using a spring balance and a measuring cylinder.
6. To establish the relation between the loss in weight of a solid when fully immersed in
i) tap water
ii) strongly salty water, with the weight of water displaced by it by taking at least two different solids.
7. To measure the temperature of hot water as it cools and plot a temperature-time graph.
8. To determine the velocity of a pulse propagated through a stretched string/slinky.
9. To prepare stained temporary mounts of (a) onion peel and (b) human cheek cells and to record observations and draw their labeled diagrams.
10. To identify parenchyma and sclerenchyma tissues in plants, striped muscle fibers and nerve cells in animals, from prepared slides and to draw their labeled diagrams.
11. To separate the components of a mixture of sand, common salt and ammonium chloride (or camphor) by sublimation.
12. To determine the melting point of ice and the boiling point of water.
13. To test (a) the presence of starch in the given food sample (b) the presence of the adulterant metanil yellow in dal.
14. To study the characteristic of spirogyra/Agaricus, Moss/Fern, Pinus ( either with male or female conre) and an Angiospermic plant. Draw and give two identifying features of groups they belong to.
15. To observe and draw the given specimens—earthworm, cockroach, bony fish and bird. For each specimen record
(a) one specific feature of its phylum
(b) one adaptive feature with reference to its habitat.
SCHEME OF EVALUATION
Multiple choice type question written test (School based) : 20 Marks
Hands-on practicals examination (school based) : 20 Marks
CBSE Syllabus Class 9 - Social Science
CBSE Syllabus of Social Science for Class 9th For March 2009 Examination
COURSE STRUCTURE
Social Science | CLASS IX
Time : 3 Hrs. Marks : 80 (Theory) + 20 (Internal Assessment)
Internal Assessment:
1. Tests (Formative and Summative) 10
2. Assignments (School & Home) 05
3. Project Work 05
Unit 1 : India and the Contemporary World - I (40 Periods)
Any two themes from the first two sub-units and one from the third could be studied.
Sub-unit 1.1 : Events and processes
In this unit the focus is on three events and processes that have in major ways shaped the identity of the modern world. Each represents a different form of politics, and a specific combination of forces. One event is linked to the growth of liberalism and democracy, one with socialism, and one with a negation of both democracy and socialism.
1. French revolution :
(a) The Ancient Regime and its crises. (b) The social forces that led to the revolution. (c) The different revolutionary groups and ideas of the time. (d) The legacy.
2. Russian Revolution.
(a) The crises of Tzarism. (b) The nature of social movements between 1905 and 1917. (c) The First World War and foundation of Soviet state. (d) The legacy.
3. Rise of Nazism.
(a) The growth of social democracy (b) The crises in Germany. (b) The basis of Hitler's rise to power. (c) The ideology of Nazism. (d) The impact of Nazism.
Sub-unit 1.2 : Economies and Livelihoods
The themes in this section will focus on how different social groups grapple with the changes in the contemporary world and how these changes affect their lives.
4. Pastoralists in the modern world.
(a) Pastoralism as a way of life. (b) Different forms of pastoralism. (c) What happens to pastoralism under colonialism and modern states?
Case studies : focus on two pastoral groups, one from Africa and one from India.
5. Forest society and colonialism :
(a) Relationship between forests and livelihoods. (b) Changes in forest societies under colonialism.
Case studies : focus on two forest movements one in colonial India (Bastar) and one in Indonesia.
6. Farmers and peasants :
(a) Histories of the emergence of different forms of farming and peasant societies. (b) Changes within rural economies in the modern world.
Case studies : focus on contrasting forms of rural change and different forms of rural societies (expansion of large-scale wheat and cotton farming in USA, rural economy and the Agricultural Revolution in England, and small peasant production in colonial India)
Sub-unit 1.3 : Culture, Identity and Society
The themes in this unit will consider how issues of culture are linked up to the making of contemporary world.
7. Sports and politics :
The story of cricket (a) The emergence of cricket as an English sport. (b) Cricket and colonialism. (c) Cricket nationalism and de-colonialization.
8. Clothes and cultures.
(a) A short history of changes in clothing. (b) Debates over clothing in colonial India. (c) Swadeshi and the movement for Khadi.
Sub-unit 1.4 : Map Work. (2 Marks).
Unit 2 : India - Land and the People (45 Periods)
1. India : location, relief, structure, major physiographic units.
2. Climate : factors influencing the climate; monsoon- its characteristics, rainfall and temperature distribution; seasons; climate and human life.
3. Drainage : major rivers and tributaries, lakes and seas, role of rivers in the economy, pollution of rivers, measures to control river pollution.
4. Natural Vegetation : vegetation types, distribution as well as altitudinal variation, need for conservation and various measures.
5. Wildlife : major species, their distribution, need for conservation and various measures.
6. Population : size, distribution, age-sex composition, population change-migration as a determinant of population change, literacy, health, occupational structure and national population policy : adolescents as under-served population group with special needs.
7. Map Work (4 marks).
Unit - 3 : Democratic Politics I (40 Periods)
1. What is democracy? Why democracy? What are the different ways of defining democracy? Why has democracy become the most prevalent form of government in our times? What are the alternatives to democracy? Is democracy superior to its available alternatives? Must every democracy have the same institutions and values?
2. Designing of Democracy in India How and why did India become a democracy? How was the Indian constitution framed? What are the salient features of the Constitution? How is democracy being constantly designed and redesigned in India?
3. Electoral politics in democracy Why and how do we elect representatives? Why do we have a system of competition among political parties? How has the citizens’ participation in electoral politics changed? What are the ways to ensure free and fair elections?
4. Institutions of parliamentary democracy How is the country governed? What does Parliament do in our democracy? What is the role of the President of India, the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers? How do these relate to one another?
5. Citizens’ rights in democracy Why do we need rights in a constitution? What are the Fundamental Rights enjoyed by the citizen under the Indian constitution? How does the judiciary protect the Fundamental Rights of the citizen? How is the independence of the judiciary ensured?
Unit - 4 : Understanding Economics - I (40 Periods)
1. The economic story of Palampore: Economic transactions of Palampore and its interaction with the rest of the world through which the concept of production (including three factors of production (land, labour and capital) can be introduced.
2. People as Resource : Introduction of how people become resource / asset; economic activities done by men and women; unpaid work done by women; quality of human resource ; role of health and education; unemployment as a form of nonutilisation of human resource; sociopolitical implication in simple form
3. Poverty as a challenge facing India : Who is poor (through two case studies one rural one urban); indicators; absolute poverty (not as a concept but through a few simple examples) - why people are poor ; unequal distribution of resources; comparison between countries; steps taken by government for poverty alleviation
4. Food Security : Source of foodgrains- variety across the nation - famines in the past - the need for self sufficiency - role of government in food security - procurement of foodgrains - overflowing of granaries and people without food - public distribution system - role of cooperatives in food security (foodgrains, milk and vegetables ration shops, cooperative shops, two-three examples as case studies)
Unit - 5 : Disaster Management (25 Periods)
1. Man made disasters - Nuclear, Biological and Chemical.
2. Common Hazards - Prevention and Mitigation
3. Community Based Disaster Management.